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If the tractive effort is much greater than what is required to haul the train, the wheels of the locomotive may slip. Tractive effort, acceleration and braking 1Tractive effort.pdf (Size: 211.61 KB / Downloads: 34) Context For a railway to operate efficiently and safely, its locomotives should be powerful enough to accelerate their trains rapidly to the maximum allowed line speed, and the We now have the speed (rpm) and the required tractive effort. It also compares the starting the nominal starting tractive effort when new and when wheels and cylinders are part worn (both of which result in an increase in TE). The main goal of the study is to change the tractive force of a TEP70 locomotive to be able to transport cargo in the Baltic region. F = μ t W = μ t m a g (1). Therefore, Tractive Effort was more important than HorsePower for steam locomotives. Tractive effort is influenced by the friction coefficient, which is the ratio of torque and wheel or axle load (mass). I don't think it is possible to use one chart to convert amps to tractive effort for several reasons. Power Range Calculations 1. Acceleration is a measure of how quickly you are gaining or losing speed. Or Tractive force is nothing but the net force present at wheels. /Rotate 0 Thanks << For an electric locomotive or a diesel-electric locomotive, starting tractive effort can be calculated from the amount of weight on the driving wheels (which may be less than the total locomotive weight in some cases), combined stall torque of the traction motors, the gear ratio between the traction motors and axles, and driving wheel diameter. 22 and 23, tractive force in a steady state is measured using a warping gauge. /Length 2221 where . Train resistance and tractive effort are both measurements of force (typically in pounds in North America) so we can simply overlay the curves How do we relate tractive effort curves to train resistance? termininb nominal tractive effort is that they do rnot indicate the type of soil on which the nominal tractive effort of a tractor must be determined. The maximum permissible traction force that can be applied to the wheels is governed by two things: the weight of the vehicle and the adhesion coefficient between the tire and the road surface. 16 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 18 /H [ 762 247 ] /L 35864 /E 23518 /N 3 /T 35426 >> endobj xref 16 17 0000000016 00000 n 0000000687 00000 n 0000001009 00000 n 0000001163 00000 n 0000001288 00000 n 0000002146 00000 n 0000002945 00000 n 0000003301 00000 n 0000003790 00000 n 0000004072 00000 n 0000004870 00000 n 0000008284 00000 n 0000013801 00000 n 0000013879 00000 n 0000022316 00000 n 0000000762 00000 n 0000000988 00000 n trailer << /Size 33 /Info 15 0 R /Root 17 0 R /Prev 35416 /ID[<3852730f8a6f5b4c84cf6df99c50fad5><3852730f8a6f5b4c84cf6df99c50fad5>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 17 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 14 0 R /PageLabels 13 0 R >> endobj 31 0 obj << /S 93 /L 152 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 32 0 R >> stream x��Xے۸}�W�q\1$E��æ6.e�*5/ ��H�&Hi�+��K��4.��\5�@ �}��f�f��;��,�.Y�a��X�j��U�r�+v�>�f��7�!fI�v�Y�b�K�=�e�z��c��>��㑄%��$]��*�g�(�ϼ�g��[v��]��~�[��۸�[��گw��0ن��磝�Jq��-��[J�t��+a��FB��͊�ӥ��cͿ�c�>�\��W��ٰ�U�~ne]cY6��W��EЪ]�'��hD��^*��g�c�y�� The tractive effort of a rail vehicle is a physical feature which is highly relevant in the acceptance procedure of a new vehicle as well as in the calculation of its life cycle cost. Wheel flange contact adds additional friction. ��ח7.q�� "�2pe��wc��!��78q�G�s��.v�=�iR��F�5~u��p��N{7�� X��Թ^�ܓ�Cڸ��j�&ߩ��[��,K��/(K� /{<9䡾��_� 4�-b��uV��6��W7��,�X��&��KcQ`�?��%�ڳ��C��l�wwk�=��N̬��:(գ@jT��ܤM^�Xww��`cݰ�8Nc��o��d� Jn�G��p'+�}^u�vi�g��n��s�g� �L�J�WW,��cҽ�kUav��h��Hw�bG�$��υ�`I��o��TѺ�c� B6gY%1J��a��y��{թ��+D� �8֤0��[V�L�m��qp/�tp��j�� h�Y! A huge amount of data, not just about the gearbox, can be derived from it. Tractive Effort (TE) and Tractive Resistance (TR) Tractive effort (TE): If the rear wheels of the vehicle in the figure are driven with no slip taking place between the tires and the level road surface, the wheel force or the tractive effort (TE) is equal to the torque at the driven wheels (T w) divided by the rolling radius or effective radius (R w) F = traction effort or force acting on the wheel from the surface (N, lb f). The last step is to calculate the axle torque required to generate this tractive effort. As with “power”, there are different methods of measuring tractive effort: Drawbar tractive effort – the force applied by a locomotive to the connection to its train. U�L�ͣ�xah��6/ neous tractive forces and the speed of vehicle, the trac-tive power required at wheels is calculated as Tractivepower, P t =F t3y ð3Þ Then, the motor power is calculated from the trac-tive power using Motorpower,P m = P t h t; P t50 ð4Þ Motorpower,P m =P t3h t; P t \0 ð5Þ where h t is the transmission efficiency. /ProcSet 4 0 R >> /Fcpdf2 19 0 R %zG_��J��#s6�dR L�s For steam locomotives, Tractive Effort was usually the limitting factor in the size of the train it could pull. 5 0 obj >> TTE [lb] = RR [lb] + GR [lb] + FA [lb] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 3 0 obj Traction: The ability of the drive wheel to transmit this effort without slipping is known as traction. Read more on accceleration here.We want to find the acceleration of the train, and we can use algebra to rearrange F=MA, making it Acceleration = Force/Mass. ), or by actual testing with drawbar strain sensors and a dynamometer car. �C��!�rUu:��W��r 2 0 obj Note that horsepower isn’t part of the calculation for tractive effort. The answer is no. Power and traction force Maximum tractive effort on starting as a result of the coefficient of static friction. There are various tractive effort curves available for different locomotives for different speeds, which enable the computation of the value of tractive effort. In [11], [12], also from the derivative of the estimated tractive force based on the disturbance observer, the anti-slip control was proposed. When maximum vehicle tractive effort and maximum vehicle speed in the normal working range are specified, the vehicle power range can be calculated using the following formula: (See Fig. /Font << Tractive force is reported to go from increasing to decreasing at a certain slip velocity, though there are no studies that measure this using a chaos observer in transient states that can be reproduced [1–3, 22, 23, 26]. /Type /Outlines /Parent 3 0 R The equation to calculate tractive effort is: TE = effective machine weight x adhesion coefficient. 1 0 obj Gradient Possible acceleration /Filter /FlateDecode %PDF-1.3 %�� STE is the amount of tractive effort that must be produced by the motive power to start moving a train from a dead stop without slipping the wheels. In this paper, the following will be described. 4 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 6 As owners of the rolling stock it is important to make sure they are highly competitive when trying to win leases with train operating companies. In [9]~[12], only the simulation results were presented. q��3Bi�ū��չ(ȩ�U�A��e̸aQU��d�x�I@H�}��#��*l��a��t:ܣM��ޓVF|�Q�U(�U�J��j��%��G`3 �|?d5��QԸ��`��)=~3l ȕ��F+k��`D�d݀}�ώ�A �)u��d�w��I��X!΢ҍ(��]��x�q�MI�5��P��Q �3��Rӊ�Խ3{�+s��py��e��I�PI�n�ҫ�7z�Y�NvW�$� ��u��޺aH�� 6�mt#A\`t��y��ڒ-��]_x��T�#. 1. (On higher speed vehicles friction in drive components may warrant the addition of 10%-15% to the total tractive effort to ensure acceptable vehicle performance.) %PDF-1.2 /Resources << Tractive Effort of Steam Locomotives (Locomotive Ratios—II) By A. I. LIPETZ,1 SCHENECTADY, N. Y. Calculation of tractive effort and reactions for different drives Introduction: Tractive effort: The force available at the contact between the drive wheel tyres and road is known as tractive effort. Tractive force or tractive effort or traction is the force applied between the tire and road surface to move a car or any vehicle for that matter. (On higher speed vehicles friction in drive components may warrant the addition of 10%-15% to the total tractive effort to ensure acceptable vehicle performance.) The Total Tractive Effort (TTE) is the sum of the forces calculated in steps 1, 2, and 3. In other words, it is the sum of the tractive force and rolling effort on the road surface. tractive effort curve then a vertical boundary can be add to the set of curves which will intersect this curve. The backbone of train simulation physics is the simple equation, F=MA (Force = Mass x Acceleration). >> Train resistance and tractive effort are both measurements of force (typically in pounds in North America) so we can simply overlay the curves How do we relate tractive effort curves to train resistance? Drive Wheel Motor Torque Calculations . Tractive Effort Curve Finding the Top Speed of a Train About the company: I work for Eversholt Rail – a train leasing company that owns about a third of all passenger trains in the UK. Power at rail is a railway term for the available power for traction, that is, … /Kids [ 5 0 R 7 0 R 9 0 R 11 0 R 13 0 R 15 0 R ] Tractive effort and Resistance to motion Tractive effort Resistance to motion I have extended the speed range on the graph to show the point where the resistance to motion gets larger than the tractive effort. For example, an AC4400CW has a nominal continuous tractive effort of 145,000 pounds. CHARACTERISTIC CALCULATIONS 3 - 4 - 1 4.1 Tractive Effort Section 1.6 describes how to calculate the tractive effort which a locomotive has to develop in order to perform a specified duty. ��p��sp��$%K��o+�r��p��I�6��F��X��e�+� Amperage to Tractive Effort table for an SD40-2 Several people have asked me if I have an Amps to Tractive Effort chart. Furthermore, TE curves can be described as “analytical signature” of the vehicle itself, which incorporate all it`s parts including the gearbox. << Degree of curvature can be calculated if the curve radius is known by dividing 5730 feet by the radius. >> ��I"�?��+��d��2��W��]qvlWA�a��D�'�xz*V2��1��a�l�ߙQW��bSL��D�1�D��Gn��t�y 7gYl�u�Y�t�`��8��[�� w�HB�&n�y>ۖ� B�yX��6��+�uy]1��sōx�a��E!��m{�^��¾s�ʝj�ϴ��[�ؒ� ��w #�@��s�0 stream #Tractive_Effort #Complete_Explanation #PriyankaJainOn this channel you can get education and knowledge in a simplified way. >> The tractive effort of a rail vehicle is a physical feature which is highly relevant in the acceptance procedure of a new vehicle as well as in the calculation of its life cycle cost. Tractive effort can be theoretically calculated from a locomotive’s mechanical characteristics (e.g., steam pressure, weight, etc. One oft the following items can be calculated if all the other values are known: Maximum speed. PDF | On Jan 1, 2012, Anton Rassõlkin and others published Calculation of the Traction Effort of Switching Locomotive | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate The Total Tractive Effort (TTE) is the sum of the forces calculated in steps 1, 2, and 3. /Annots [ 45 0 R ] << /Contents 6 0 R So to find the acceleration (and thus the speed) we need to know the force acting on the train and the mass of the train. /Fcpdf1 18 0 R The higher geared the higher the amps at any given speed. Q_];�޿��˫��+��W��r�p7r��j��՛-�ۋػ1 ��A�1�H� Tractive effort & train resistance curves Q: What is the maximum speed possible for this train with this locomotive? In Refs. #x��D^*]��=��V��i:l�E�� s�B+{��X8v�t@��-/�;�V�l��Ol�y?�-�M�Ϣ��*��*?��t��-�&ނE.cq��O��ybCۉ*z��m7[�,� [/��#��_��U��GE��w��#�� D67۟��G��F�,3�E�'��K�S�'�T_'lE@X�w�.z�J�l�v��M��0R��*H^�x(ObEH�4��`�)�|�糰|��p>�\Z��t�әGKy,�+`�ę��I�6l��6�1�s�t\�. This can be seen in the diagram below showing the variation in tractive force as calculated for the 5AT, at starting, at max drawbar-power output and at maximum speed. /Outlines 2 0 R endobj Tractive Effort and Acceleration CE 322 Transportation Engineering Dr. Ahmed Abdel-Rahim Available Tractive Effort Tractive effort determined by: Force of vehicle’s engine Maximum value transferable Maximum Tractive Effort Define the point at which additional engine-generated tractive effort is not productive. The speed at which both forces are equal is the maximum speed … For the cars in the curve, the tractive effort required is 0.8 pounds per ton per degree of curvature, where curvature is defined as the number of degrees the track curves per 100 feet. << Tractive effort or tractive force is measured in kilo-Newtons (kN) or pounds force (lbf) where 1 kN = 228.4 lbf. To do this we will use the maximum tractive effort calculated in equation 9 which was 100 lbs., and the radius of the wheel (1/2 the diameter). I. 2.4 Traction or Tractive Force Tractive force is the force used for generate the variation between tangential surface and body. Tractive effort (TE): If the rear wheels of the vehicle in the figure are driven with no slip taking place between the tires and the level road surface, the wheel force or the tractive effort (TE) is equal to the torque at the driven wheels (Tw) divided by the rolling radius or effective radius (Rw) Tw = Te ig if ht [N m] The amps depend upon the gearing of the locomotive. Calculation of the Traction Effort of Switching Locomotive Anton Rassõlkin, Hardi Hõimoja Tallinn University of Technology anton.rassolkin@tptlive.ee, hardi.hoimoja@ttu.ee Abstract- This paper presents the method of calculation of traction effort of switching locomotive. Consequently, generating reliable measurements of a rail vehicle’s tractive force at reasonable cost is an important task in the endobj Definition: Tractive effort is defined as the force at the rims or the outer edges of the driving wheels of moving trains. Step Four: Determine Total Tractive Effort . Traction: The ability of the drive wheel to transmit this effort without slipping is … >> PDF | The primary purpose of agricultural tractors, especially those in the middle to high power ranges, is to perform drawbar work. To do this we will use the maximum tractive effort calculated in equation 9 which was 100 lbs., and the radius of the wheel (1/2 the diameter). Tractive Effort. QNo�kY�U1+ ��M��}s�[��8;�w,Ͳ��-Sc��FGhʐ1P�J��N)}��PB@�o�yw5@7��"=��"��^�)J�G��S� If a cross over the tractive effort curve would appear for the next gear by remaining in gear until maximum rpm, then a small, roughly triangular shaped section would be cut out of the available area every time when gear is changed. But it doesnt provide realistic values, so i am wondering, what is the correct way of calculating tractive effort of a train? /Type /Page H�b```f``��u��b�@̱�a�'֌5 \��6]��"��ĳC��W6��P��Zv��@��}�-�7]fI��`�t�D3D�a�J~]�-�� F%� endstream endobj 32 0 obj 135 endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 14 0 R /Resources 19 0 R /Contents 26 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 19 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 21 0 R /F2 20 0 R /F4 25 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 28 0 R >> >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 240 /Widths [ 278 296 389 556 556 833 815 204 333 333 500 606 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 444 737 722 722 722 778 722 667 778 833 407 556 778 667 944 815 778 667 778 722 630 667 815 722 981 704 704 611 333 606 333 606 500 333 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 556 444 463 389 611 537 778 537 537 481 333 606 333 606 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 556 0 0 0 0 0 737 0 0 0 278 0 0 278 606 278 278 0 611 278 278 278 278 278 0 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 278 278 0 0 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 204 204 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 ] /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /GOMECG+NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /FontDescriptor 23 0 R >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [ 287 296 333 574 574 833 852 241 389 389 500 606 278 333 278 278 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 278 278 606 606 606 500 747 759 778 778 833 759 722 833 870 444 648 815 722 981 833 833 759 833 815 667 722 833 759 981 722 722 667 389 606 389 606 500 333 611 648 556 667 574 389 611 685 370 352 667 352 963 685 611 667 648 519 500 426 685 611 889 611 611 537 389 606 389 606 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 574 574 287 287 287 287 287 747 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 606 287 287 287 685 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /GOMECI+NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /FontDescriptor 22 0 R >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 737 /CapHeight 722 /Descent -205 /Flags 262178 /FontBBox [ -165 -250 1000 988 ] /FontName /GOMECI+NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 154 /XHeight 475 /CharSet (/E/p/G/g/f/n/period/r/space/h/s/i/L/W/H/t/M/l/u/one/k/P/N/v/two/T/m/colo\ n/x/C/three/o/c/d/R/four/a/e) /FontFile3 27 0 R >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 737 /CapHeight 722 /Descent -205 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -195 -250 1000 965 ] /FontName /GOMECG+NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 92 /XHeight 464 /CharSet (/S/parenright/q/quoteleft/five/N/U/B/r/space/six/T/b/C/plus/s/seven/W/c/\ d/D/comma/F/t/eight/e/E/G/hyphen/u/nine/f/P/n/I/period/v/colon/h/x/w/i/L\ /H/percent/y/zero/j/M/z/g/l/one/k/equal/O/A/quoteright/two/m/three/o/par\ enleft/R/p/four/a) /FontFile3 29 0 R >> endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 714 /CapHeight 714 /Descent -174 /Flags 262176 /FontBBox [ -169 -234 1096 951 ] /FontName /GOMECH+HelveticaNeue-Heavy /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 170 /XHeight 519 /CharSet (/S/U/I/A/space/L/H/O/N/T/C/R/E) /FontFile3 30 0 R >> endobj 25 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [ 315 296 500 630 630 1019 722 296 296 296 444 600 316 407 316 407 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 316 316 600 600 600 574 800 704 722 759 759 685 611 778 741 315 593 741 611 926 741 778 685 778 722 667 648 741 648 963 704 667 667 370 407 370 600 500 296 593 630 593 630 611 370 611 630 296 296 593 296 926 630 611 630 630 426 556 389 630 537 833 537 537 537 370 222 370 600 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 630 630 315 315 315 315 315 800 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 600 315 315 315 630 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /GOMECH+HelveticaNeue-Heavy /FontDescriptor 24 0 R >> endobj 26 0 obj << /Length 3339 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream First, a force of 2 to 5 pounds per ton of train weight is required to move on straight level track. endobj NPTEL – Electrical Engineering – Introduction to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles ... many empirical formulas have been proposed for calculating the rolling resistance on a hard surface. Context. In a paper,2 presented before the A.S.M .E., December, as the method of 1932. Normally the maximum speed is limited by the engine's running speed. >> The mass is easy to find. 1. /Type /Catalog The total axle torque is tractive effort times the wheel radius. Tire Ground Adhesion and maximum tractive effort . Tractive effort & train resistance curves Q: What is the maximum speed possible for this train with this locomotive? In the meantime, studies have shown that the tractive efforts of tractors are quite different on soils of different structure and composition (6). For a railway to operate efficiently and safely, its locomotives should be powerful enough to accelerate their trains rapidly to the maximum allowed line speed, and the braking systems must be able to bring a train reliably to a standstill at a station or signal, even on an adverse gradient. Calculation of tractive effort and reactions for different drives Introduction: Tractive effort: The force available at the contact between the drive wheel tyres and road is known as tractive effort. Hi there again, I am trying to correctly calculate the tractive effort pf a train, currently i do this: Power/speedMpS = TractiveEffort I got that from here. /Pages 3 0 R /Type /Pages A: About 58 mph. 6 0 obj The tractive force between a car wheel and the surface can be expressed as. [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] Tractive Effort is a measure of the force that a locomotive can apply to the train it is pulling. /Count 0 H��W�r�8��^��( endobj A: About 58 mph. $��>4u��c�T�~�h�Y� `V7d@]�mQQM�T��|n��'�&ۨ{�4Qo��(4T�W.��F\h�5��J�3E\Ɛ?SK��a`5HD��Q ��)�d�k�L��j֛ p�Z��M�v�9l�vHz��Л��u��ڋ9��s�2d�y�=�9��4i��.�Բ彘gptN�|B4=�h{/��9��'e�RZ��ژ�e��~m�b?�GK��̒�p}��5b��[�n��J|p�`�}ƽv��G��/�#Z�h�\��F �@�f�8M�%��!��l��n$i��(�|��7>H�@�� ް1�'��ȦJ�#ݐ&�,F��k��6�}j�GteF6��iIeDq��PC ];�|C%��y7�g�l3;9�3��I��{@�M%��hU�L@�FId��բ=��X�Y�e��ɐ��7�L��8�.2�i~?l_��q��-E�@�$�V��pT%�4�e�^@(yD�SG��r^�c��i��n��2��WE�4G3P:�,%��d��Ĉ l5��4��p5B;�SL�V��:�q2Ua��i�b3��e�>�o��K�o��hU�hMۼ�Ap�C^�o��Q�. In order to simplify the calculation, the road angle a, is usually replaced by the grade value, when the road angle is … TRACTIVE EFFORT CALCULATIONS. endobj tractive coefficient was calculated, and the maximum tractive force control was proposed. The tractive effort required to move a train consists of numerous factors, but for most applications only four need to be considered. μ t = traction - or friction - coefficient between the wheel and the surface. << Tractive effort, acceleration and braking. Tractive effort is generally equal to or a little greater than the hauling capacity of the locomotive. A unit's nominal continuous tractive effort is the tractive effort that the equipment manufacturer has determined that the unit can be relied upon to produce under most operating conditions. Tractive effort curves have proven their use far away. Consequently, generating reliable measurements of a rail vehicle’s tractive force at reasonable cost is an important task in the Research and Technology Centre of the DB AG. Tractive efforts is defined as the tractive force of a vehicle exerts on a surface or the amount of tractive force is parallel to the direction of motor. /Fcpdf0 17 0 R (15) 100 lbs x 2.5 inches = 250 in lbs of torque Our last step is to calculate the approximate horsepower required to generate this torque at this speed. Tractive effort When applying ground drive to a vehicle, it is important to consider the maximum tractive effort that can be transmitted from the wheels to the ground through friction.

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