It is in this step where the subject will expe, rience the anticipation of both the objective and the subjective consequences of, verication. The purpose of the following six steps is to analyse past, present and futu, re ethical questions and their consequences on people and institutions alike: the, rst step consists of determining which ethical principles are applicable to the cir, cumstance and the specic person or persons; the second involves justifying the. Determine who should be involved in the decision makingStep 4. We analyze some of the main ethical decision-, making methodologies used in social work. Para ello, explicaremos los diferentes períodos en los que hemos estructurado la evolución de la Ética del Trabajo Social en España, identificando algunos elementos del estoicismo. with duties in conict. Put another way, prevent very serious harm), it is justied to interfere in other people’, contrast, in other situations that are not so serious, any other kinds of coercions of, freedom have to be agreed socially and democratically, Reamer (1999:72) took the moral philosophy of Gewirth as a basis to be appli, ed to social work. Sinai. profession that provides a service which, though it may not always enjoy the rec. Based on this hierarchy of go, ods, a hierarchy of duties would result depending on the goods in, Based on this classication, Gewirth (1978:342-345) proposed several princi. (2003) took up the proposal by, ne, 2001; Davis, 1997) and add respect for cultural diversity as another fundamen, tal element in ethical decision making, thus proposing an integrative transcultural, model. BC Association of Social Workers – Ethical Decision Making Toolkit Ethical Assessment Screen 1. Congress (1999) first developed the ETHIC Model to help social workers make ethical decisions as … Identifying and resolving pro. In turn, the ethical principles of level 2 are particular, specic, subjective in, nature, they establish good and bad, they depend on the values system itself and, an ethic of duty or of minimums, and the second level with an ethic of happiness, For this perspective, the ethic of minimums would have priority over the et, hic of maximums. (2006) summarise the four steps of this model as follows: 1), rstly, interpret the situation, being particularly sensitive to all cultural identities, involved; 2) formulate an ethical decision, but reviewing; fac, perspectives of the people involved in that situation; 3) reect on the specic con, textual, cultural, organisational aspects, among others, and discard any other as, pects that may be inuencing the social worker’s decision making; and 4) plan and. A quantitative methodology was chosen using a version of the questionnaire prepared by Eileen J. In addition to her review, Congress also presents the ETHIC model of decision making: “This easy to use five step process includes examining personal, agency, client, and professional values, thinking about ethical standards and relevant laws, hypothesizing about consequences, identifying the most vulnerable, and consulting with supervisors.” In other words, the proposals for the basic prot, hold under which how human beings are treated becomes undignied (physically, psychologically, socially and morally), the second pr, happy life, with both being essential for the proper dev, tion of moral reasoning, and promoting true moral pluralism. The four dimensions include student learning, professional ethics, agency relationships, and administrative expectations. Examine and evaluate the action alternatives (trying to prioritise bet, on a full understanding of their values and ethical beliefs (e.g. It should be claried that the terms »models« and »methods« are not conside, decision making models tend to have one (or several) ethical theories that form. 1. It would even be better to think about a decision-making process that, With regard to their specic usefulness for prof. tions, in our opinion some of the models presented here (specically the ETHIC, posals that are perhaps too general for ethical decision making. How will you make use of core social work skills such as sensitive communication, skillful negotiation, and cultural competence? In contrast, the, that, through the many questions it forces us t, each ethical dilemma and to analyse them more profoundly, It is also important to highlight the proposal by Reamer, as although it does, not establish a specic hierarchy among ethical principles, it does propose prioriti, es between goods and rights, which, in essence, are closely linked to ethical princi, ples such as self-determination or wellbeing. In other words, social workers can break these last rules if by doing so they are, defending some basic good of a person. Among these virtues, T. attention to the context, weighing up and collaboration (Bowles et al., 2006). For example, if the director of an institution order, housing, education and public assistance overrides the right to complete contr, This is probably the rule that most directly aects the concern for all persons. Se resumen aquí algunas de las principales conclusiones sobre este tema del proyecto Dilemas éticos en la intervención social: la perspectiva de los, Since its beginnings as a profession in Spain, the ethical commitment of social work professionals has been seen in the responses they have offered during each era to the ethical conflicts and dilemmas that have occurred in their professional practice. Cottone, R. R. (2001). The intervention areas that have been studied are health, children, immigrants, women, family, marginalized persons, ethnic minorities, young people, prisoners, elderly people, refugees and asylum seekers, schools and social and employment-related. Revisión de modelos para el análisis de dilemas éticos. Evaluate the results and identify additional problemsTo assist social workers using Dolgoff’s Decision Making Model, he offers the Ethical Assessment Screen to “help social workers further clarify and integrate the ethical aspects of decision making in social work practice.” (pg 58)Ethical Assessment Screen 1. On the one hand, we limit ourselves when we take some ethical principles, (and not others) when analysing ethical conicts. Ethical Decision Making Worksheet With the Modified Congress, (2000) ETHIC Model Adults at Risk Heidi works as an adult protective services worker in a small rural county, her duties also include liaison for individuals who are served under the Family Care Program. An examination of the ethical dilemmas of school counsellors: opinions and solution recommendations, Dilemas éticos de las trabajadoras y trabajadores sociales en España, Fe de errores de “Revisión de modelos para el análisis de dilemas éticos”, Ethical practice in social work: An Applied Approach. 1 No 1 Spring 2000, pgs 1 – 25), Congress discusses the major tenets of the newly revised NASW Code of Ethics. El principal objetivo de este articulo es presentar los principales dilemas eticos con los que se encuentran las trabajadoras y los trabajadores sociales espanoles en su ejercicio profesional. If I have consulted with colleagues, supervisors, or professional ethics boards, at this point, what do they suggest I or others do?e. questions on universality: Is the action applicable to everyone in simi, sed on ethical standards that are recognised by everyone inv. Reamer (2017) writes extensively about ethics with a current focus on the impact of technology on social work practice. This course will now present a number of ethical decision making models, covering current and best practices strategies from the social work and counseling arenas, as well as from the private business sector. Los resultados, The purpose of this study is to identify the types of ethical dilemmas that Spanish social workers face in their respective areas of intervention. The aim of this chapter is to review research from around the world on cyberbullying to examine the nature, extent, causes, and consequences associated with children's and adolescents' involvement in these behaviors. Congress, E. P. (1999). Esta primera aproximación puede servir para iniciar la reflexión sobre la organización profesional del Trabajo Social en España y para identificar las características que definen su labor profesional. away from the importance of ethical principles, as we recognise that they ar, fundamental aspect of ethical decision making. As indicated, the grouping criterion used for methodologies is whether or not. tural integrative model for ethical decision-making in counselling. Identify the individuals, groups and organisations that are likely to be a. Research is drawn from various disciplines, including psychology, sociology, media and communication studies, education, social work, and computer science. This model is summarized below.ACA Ethical Decision Making Model 1. trabajadores sociales en España (FFI2008-05546). DEVELOP an action plan that is consistent with the ethical priorities that have been determined as central to the dilemma. theoretical perspectives. implement the action, anticipating any possible barriers that might be an obstacle. A practitioner’s guide to ethical decision making. IDENTIFY the key values and principles involved. (Increasingly, professionals have begun to seek support, further professional training, and consultation through the development of Ethics Review Committees or Ethics Consultation processes. authors and is characterised by the fact that decision making occurs progressively: initially, 11 generic steps are proposed as an appr, dierent instruments are then used that guide social intervention professionals in, the ethical resolution of the case: rstly, the »Ethical Rules Screen«, followed by the »Ethical Principles Screen«, The 11 steps initially proposed are as follows: 1) iden, factors that help to maintain it; 2) identify the people and institutions related to, said problem (clients, other professionals, et, the problem held by the various participants identied in step 2, as well as the soci, al, professional and personal values of client and worker; 4) identify targets and go, als, attainment of which can resolve or reduce the problem; 5) iden, strategies; 6) ensure the eectiveness and ecacy of each alternative in terms of. they propose a hierarchy between ethical principles. and those at risk of social exclusion nd themselves in. you do the same with other clients in a similar situation? 2. As we know. doras y trabajadores sociales en España. Though the basic ETHIC model of considering ethical decisions is simple,timeless and the acronym is creative, nothing else about the ETHIC model appears to be innovative or proprietary. ved in each, along with possible benets and risks for each. Step 4: Consider the Consequences – What will happen if you take that action? while social workers attach high importance to most ethical principles closely associated with social work, they do not hold a universal hierarchy of ethical principles. In the same way, Gracia (2007b) considers autonom, wellbeing: it is essential for people to be autonomous in order for them to equip, themselves with the wellbeing that they freely aspire to, therefore consists of protecting the subject’, ding their capacity to voluntarily self-regulate the norms they give themselves, through reason, and of preserving their ability to freely decide without being coer, ced, whereas the principle of wellbeing consists of the right of everyone to live, according to their own project of a happy life and their understanding of human, dignity, of imparting the most good to others, always taking their personal opinion, Based on the link between these ethical principles, Gracia (2007b) sets out a, hierarchy: at an initial level he places the principles of non-malecence and of ju, stice, with the principles of autonomy and wellbeing on a second level, must always be considered. integration, mental health, disability and drug addictions. Ethical decision making models: A review of. He was a pioneer in the eld of values and ethics in, Even though in his work (Levy, 1973, 1976; L, the inherent limits of the code of ethics, as it does not always provide solutions t, the specic problems arising in each case, he considers that the ethical criterion is. In other words, if the ethical guidelines that make, up the ERS do not allow for problems or ethical dilemmas to be ref, nberg and Dolgo (1996) propose using the ethical principles of the EPS. gnition it deserves, is of huge importance in terms of how society develops. principles of universality, publicity and justice. This model organizes a … Format developed by Sr. Vincentia Joseph & Sr. Ann Patrick Conrad. the goals identied; 7) determine who should be involved in the decision making; 8) choose the most appropriate strategy; 9) implement the chosen strategy; 10), monitor the implementation, paying particular attention to unexpected consequ. Which of the alternative ethical actions will protect to the greatest extent your client’s and others’ rights and welfare?6. Article 1 of said, Declaration postulates that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity, and in rights, and that they must treat fellow human beings with equal conside, The second step is the outlining of moral possibilities. Once the problem is identified, their model includes the following steps:Step 1: Identify the Ethical Standard Involved- What are the codes or laws that apply? The results reveal the existence of twelve types of social work professionals in Spain. And on the other hand, imple. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counselling. Once this rst approach has concluded, the progressive pr, decision making continues with the ERS, comprising the following three ethical, norms, which encourages professionals to use their deontological c. ce: 1) examine if any of the code rules are applicable. self-esteem, knowledge, material wealth, education). 2 Components of Ethical Decision-Making In addition to understanding the Code of Ethics, social workers can use the ETHIC model of decision making for resolving ethical dilemmas. We explore social workers’ perception of the importance and rank ordering of ethical principles. We analyze some of the main ethical decision-making methodologies used in social work. An ethical case workbook for Human Ser, hical decision making based on the Code of Ethics of the »National Organization, aimed at students and professionals who work to improv, people and communities in areas such as mental health, disability, family violen, ral social intervention professionals (Bond, 1993; Corey, Kentsmith, Salladay and Miya, 1986; Levy, 1993, etc.) Resolve the conicts, seeking assistance with your decision if needed: 6. For the rst, client condentiality and, self-determination are particularly relevant, whereas for the second, the consequ, ences of their actions have greater relevance. (2007). Quality of life6. Applies the ETHIC model of decision making to case vignettes to increase readers experiences in identifying and resolving ethical dilemmas. The article is an important contribution for Social Work at the national level that emphasizes the importance of the ethics of Social Work in social interventions. In Congress, Elaine will use her experience in the Navy and as a small-business owner to protect our country and create an economy that works for everyone – not just those at the top. Many ethical frameworks in social work exist, from general models, such as the ETHIC model by Elaine Congress, to practice specific models of practice. Describe the issue or ethical dilemma: 4. end, the term »methodologies« is used to encompass both models and methods. has been cited by the following article: TITLE: Ethicalization of Social Work and Socialization of Ethics―An African Challenge. rights and welfare as well as the rights and welfare of others? If there are none, then why is it a problem?Step 2: Determine the Ethical Trap Possibilities- Possible Ethical Traps to avoid include: a. a belief that there is an easy “commonsense, objective” solutionb. fundamental in the practice of social work. (for example, between autonomy and wellbeing). This paper presents illustrative data that suggest variability in individual hierarchies and, El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una síntesis de los principales dilemas éticos que afrontan los profesionales del trabajo social en el ejercicio de su profesión y de las estrategias más generalizadas que emplean para resolverlos. Are their professional and personal hierarchies of ethical principles similar? However, if you follow a systematic model, you can be assured that you will be able to give a professional explanation for the course of action you chose.” Citing Van Hoose and Paradise (1979) they go on to say: “a counselor ‘is probably acting in an ethically responsible way concerning a client if: (1) he or she has maintained personal and professional honesty, coupled with (2) the best interests of the client, (3) without malice or personal gain, and (4) can justify his or her actions as the best judgment of what should be done based upon the current state of the profession.’”Forrester-Miller, H. and Davis, T. (1996). VI. people, and treating all people with total and equal consideration and respect, whereas the principle of justice consists of not discriminating against people, ca, ring for people in situations of maximum vulnerability, and the impartial and equal. She also has served as Director of the Doctoral Program. What is the situation, including possible relevant circumstances?b. practice in ethical decision making, beginning with simpler situations, and then, increasing their complexity. The studies reviewed in this chapter include cross-sectional, longitudinal, cross-sequential, mixedmethods, qualitative, and quantitative research designs. Rules against basic harm to an individual’s survival take precedenc, rules against harms such as lying or revealing condential information or threats. The clinician who wishes to operate from the most defensible and responsible ethical position would do well to have a comprehensive knowledge of all of these models, operate using the combined principles and understandings of these best practices models - applying them with integrity and skill - while carefully documenting the work and noting which model or models were utilized to arrive at the ethical decision. A guide for clinicians, Standards and ethics for counselling in action, Social work values and ethics. ETHIC Model (Elaine Congress) EXAMINE Relevant personal, societal, agency, client and professional values. Since the NASW Code of Ethics does not place any one particular value, principle or standard above another and recognizes that there will be reasonable differences of opinion, it is important that social workers attempting to apply any decision making model have a justifiable approach for how they have ranked the principles.Ethical Rules Screen Examine the Code of Ethics to determine if any of the Code rules are applicable. various steps forming the circle: dene the ethical dilemma, look for information, think of alternatives in conict, carry out critical analysis, etc. Ethics Committee of the International Federation of Social, as a basis the values inherent to social work, its code of ethics, and the specic con, text in which each case originates. Is there a conflict of values, or rights, or professional responsibilities? Una revisión de la literatura permitió identificar diferentes modelos que abordan esta clase de dilemas. For example, in the above case, person from serious harm is more necessary than the duty to respect the client’s, out the duty of not restricting other people. We conclude, with a succinct assessment of these methodologies and, highlights some of their main features, with the aim of, providing social workers with a set of tools for ethical, Worker, e-mail: juanj.viscarret@unavarra.es. rent priorities« (Harrington & Dolgo, 2008:193). priorities, which may depend on the circumstances of a situation. (1979). portant, this freedom is limited by the right of other persons to their basic well, of parents in the event that those decisions are harming the wellbeing of their, In our opinion, of Reamer’s six rules, this is a fervent defence of individual fr, dom, as, for example, if a person had a self-destructive behaviour, would allow it, because that person has freely and consciously decided on it (provi, ded, of course, that this self-destructive behaviour was not harming the wellbeing, of other persons). If the Code does not cover the specific issue or if conflicting provisions of the Code apply, Dolgoff offers the social worker a way to rank the provisions of the Code as they apply to that particular situation in the Ethical Principles Screen provided below. Indeed, we are, under the obligation to comply with the principles of non-malecence and of justi, ce, including against our will, whereby civil law and criminal law ar. The models found are as follows: Model of Anne Davis, Nijmegen method, Method of Diego Gracia, Integral method, Bochum Center Ethics model, Model of Brody and Payton, Model of Curtin and Flaherty, Model of Thompson and Thompson, SAD method, Model of Javier Morata, Model of Elaine Congress, IFSW model, Model of Loewenberg and Dolgoff, Ley Social Model, DOER method, Model of Brommer, Model … Reasonable differences of opinion can and do exist among counselors with respect to the ways in which values, ethical principles, and ethical standards would be applied when they conflict. Identify any societal values relevant to the ethical decision to be made3. Međunarodna licenca / International License: starstva gospodarstva, industrije i konkurentnosti Å¡panjolske vlade. Journal volume & issue Vol. Ethics in counseling and psychology: Perspectives in issues and decision-making. 10. The models found are as follows: Model of Anne Davis, Nijmegen method, Method of Diego Gracia, Integral method, Bochum Center Ethics model, Model of Brody and Payton, Model of Curtin and Flaherty, Model of Thompson and Thompson, SAD method, Model of Javier Morata, Model of Elaine Congress, IFSW model, Model of Loewenberg and Dolgoff, Ley Social Model, DOER method, Model of … (2015). Consequently, in the specic case of the deliberativ, complicated to analyse the vast diversity of ethical conicts that we come across, in social work interventions under the same prism of just four ethical principles, (do no harm, justice, autonomy and wellbeing). In other words, we, appropriate these if they eectively make it possible for us to adapt to reality, others will have to be considered. model in which the dierent aspects of ethical reection are interrelated. This model takes its name (ETHIC) from the initials of the steps that Congress, (2000: 10) proposed should be followed in ethical decision making: ». The chapter concludes with a discussion of recommendations and a call for cyberbullying to be considered a global concern. Ljetopis socijalnog rada 2017., 24 (1), 33-54. ‘Situated’ ethics are linked to specific and unique situations of professional practice. right to wellbeing of the actual subject, etc. consists of their appropriation or expropriation«. The ETHICS model is a theoretical grounded ethical decision-making model that draws from the latest relevant literature in ethics and integrates multiple theoretical perspectives. Have you conferred with clients and colleagues, as appropriate, about the potential risks and consequences of alternative courses of action? Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Group/Thompson Learning. Identify your own relevant personal values in relation to this ethical dilemma2. It covers a wide variety of practice settings as well as professional issues such as dual relationships, impaired colleagues, and interdisciplinary collaboration. and which also play an important role in ethical decision making. It is proposed to deepen the investigation of each of the areas of intervention for future research, as well as to carry out comparative studies between different countries. Ethic Model Elaine Congress, 2000 • Examine relevant personal, social, agency, client, and professional values. She had been involved in the luation, we feel it will be useful and applicable to social work. Social Work Values and Ethics: Identifying and Resolving Professional Dilemmas. All rights reserved. Elaine Congress from Fordham University developed the ETHIC Model of Decision-Making, in which a professional code of ethics is central to the ethical decision-making process. REFLECT on the outcome of this ethical decision making process. The ETHIC Model (Congress 1999, 2000) was selected as the most appropriate model for BSW students because the concrete sequential steps provide an easy-to-remember framework. Monitor, asses and document the decision. The lines of action are as follows: 1. The hierar, in some cases, but we would probably nd other cases or situations where a literal. What are the short and long term consequences? Put another way and by way of example, social workers can disclose certain information if by doing so they succeed in pro. According to this model, decisions and behaviors should respect 6 moral rights, namely: An ethical decision-making model is outlined and the document covers areas where critical thought and reflection is encouraged. choosing from the list of ethical principles those involved in the specic dilemma, so as then see which has priority over the others. VII. ples to help resolve situations where there are conicts of duties. principle of privacy and condentiality; and 7) principle of truthfulness. What do these codes or laws suggest I or others do?d. Alexandria, VA. American Counseling Association. Could you explain that action to your colleagues or in public? How would you evaluate the consequences of this process for those involved: Client(s), professional(s), and agency (ies)? Procedimiento de decisión en ética clínica. in social work, and will therefore refer to specic models and methods alike. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. Apply the ACA Code of Ethics.3. AUTHORS: Ani Casimir, Ejiofor Samuel 1. THINK about what ethical standard of the NASW Code of Ethics applies to the situation, as well as about relevant laws and case decisions. From discussion by Frederick Reamer & Sr. Ann Patrick Conrad in Professional Choices: Ethics at Work (1995), video available from NASW Press 1-800-227-3590.