RAID6 has a fault tolerance of 2 drives. So the data is done for or i can still save it by aborting the rebuild or its already to late ? Putting all the results in a table, we have the following: Hopefully, I have shown you how to calculate these yourself, so that you can plug in your own drive sizes, rebuild rates, and other parameters to convince yourself of this. After a single drive fails, any URE during rebuild can be corrected from parity. That will destroy the newly-created RAID and all your previous data. RAID 5 is reaching the end of its useful life. Share. 1x Raidz2 (6+2) Simple raidz certainly is an option with only 8 disks (8 is about the. Found inside – Page 52RAID 6 is a relatively new RAID level for backup applications. ... second disk failure during the rebuild process of the first failed disk, without loss of ... This is the concept I will use for the rest of this post. Although *highly* unlikely. More sophisticated ECC can correct multiple bit errors up to a certain number of bits, and detect most anything worse. Search support or find a product: Search. Found inside – Page 170The DS8000 series offers RAID 5, RAID 6, and RAID 10 levels. ... risk of having a second drive failure in a rank while the failed drive is being rebuilt. Found inside – Page 43RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10 are the most common used by IT ... failed disk is being rebuilt, there is still a chance that the remaining disks in the RAID ... This is the nature of the beast, choose RAID 6 and rebuilds are painful - insanely painful. However raid 6 having that extra level of parity protects against that provided you have the parity verification scheduled periodically. Found inside – Page 173Isn't that why you offer RAID 5 and RAID 6 on the storage arrays that you sell ... probability the system will experience multiple concurrent drive failures ... RAID-5 protects for the case where a single hard drive fails, so that you can replace the drive and rebuild the data set. If you're cheap and you're on antique hardware, or if you just like arguing about bits, keep reading about RAID-5. The 2x raidz (3+1) would probably perform the best but I would prefer. Most controllers will prompt on how to address that URE. The probability of this issue is very low, but if it occurs then it can result in multiple node warmstarts, and in rare cases loss of data. . Additionally, RAID-5 has one major non-obvious limitation; it has no defense against "bit rot," or "silent data corruption." For example, if an existing RAID 5 virtual drive is created out of partial space in an array, the next virtual drive in the array has to be RAID 5 only. When it comes to data backup and recovery, flexibility is key! [12] RAID 5 implementations are susceptible to system failures because of trends regarding array rebuild time and the chance of drive failure during rebuild (see "Increasing rebuild time and failure probability" section, below). So, 10 is 10% as risky."
. Installing Linksys EG1032 V3 Gigabit Network card ... Nerds 2.0.1: A Brief History of the Internet. I would pause the rebuild, do I FULL backup of the entire array, the resume the rebuild. Even at 10.6% it's much better than the 100% chance of failure if you lose a single stand alone drive. Data is striped on Disk 1, Disk 2, Disk 3, Disk 4 and then Parity (P1) and (Q1) are generated and written on Disk 5 and Disk 6. So the chances of additional failure are actually extremely high. So for an array 4 disks in size, 1/9 RAID 0 arrays fail, 1/193 RAID 5 arrays fail, and 1/9472 RAID 6 arrays fail. As mentioned before, the capacity of disks is growing each year to . Raid 6 with 2 failed drives one is rebuilding, Got IT smarts? Found inside – Page 140Disk capacity is growing at a faster rate than DDM reliability. During the hours to rebuild a DDM, companies are at risk of additional failures that could ... It's a win-win. Luca also noted that if advanced data placement algorithms are used, an array can be distributed across a larger number of devices, minimizing the number of elements to rebuild. Found inside – Page 250One of the drawbacks when implementing RAID 5 is it may be a poor choice for ... and time-consuming to rebuild the array should there be a disk failure as ... If the array is (10) 2TB SSDs, the probability drops to 0.02% which is much more tolerable. Just because a RAID 6 array has more fault tolerance, however, doesn't make RAID 6 failure impossible. And ironically, the one thing that is meant to prolong a RAID 6 array's life can also hasten its demise. No results were found for your search query. Found inside – Page 206RAID 6, double-parity, adds a second parity chunk to each stripe, ... that the probability of a second drive in a RAID volume failing before a bad drive was ... The graphs related to the failure probability are in the later part of the post. Existing RAID-6 code extensions assume that failures are independent and instantaneous, overlooking the underlying mechanism of multifailure occurrences. Actual rebuild time depends on several factors, including the amount of I/O activity occurring during the rebuild operation, the . Now one of the failed drives is rebuilding , other one is still with failed status. Let's say that rolling one to five is success, and rolling a six is a failure. The actual number of 17 hours is in between. RAID 6 is similar to RAID 5 except its ability to write the parity data in two drives instead of one. As for the difference between complete failure probability for a single drive read with single drive failure . Generally, a rebuild operation requires approximately 15 to 30 seconds per gigabyte for RAID 5 or RAID 6. Likewise, we can calculate the probability of a triple drive failure. You might think that if there is a 1/6 (16.6 percent) chance to roll a six, then you would guarantee hit a six after six rolls. Found inside – Page 507Additionally, more disks in an array increase the probability of having a second drive fail within the same array prior to the rebuild completion of an ... There is no read performance penalty but there is a write penalty to perform the parity calculations. cmontanes wrote: What RAID do you think is more reliable in case of disk failure? The math can be done easily using modern spreadsheet software. An often cited resource for the probability of drive failure is the [Failure Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population (13-page PDF)] by Eduardo Pinheiro, Wolf-Dietrich Weber and Luiz Andre Barroso of Google Inc. But this is a really poor way to look at risk because you are assuming a second drive loss is equal and not looking at the total reliability picture. It quickly and easily calculates the probability of a URE failing during a RAID 5 or RAID 6 rebuild.? The URE failure rate is based on the quantity of data read from the remaining drives, so a 4+P with 600GB drives is the same as 8+P with 300GB drives. Mission time (year): RAID Type: RAID 1 (Mirror) RAID 5 (Stripe set with parity) RAID 6 (Stripe set with double parity) RAID 10 (Striped mirrors) Number of drives in a RAID . the fail time and probability of failure of RAID 5 vs. The chance of successfully reading 1GB on DVD, then would be (1 - 1/1E13) to the 8 billionth power, or 99.92 percent, or conversely a 0.08 percent chance of failure. Here is my take on the matter. Here are two graphs from this paper: This first graph shows AFR by age. RAID 5 Failure Rate. No, more like "quite likely." The system can rebuild the data from parity, and correct the broken block of data. Far more reliable than RAID-5! If you don't care for the math, jump down to the "Summary of Results" section below. I wrote up something on a forum to give an idea of failure rates for different RAID array types, and it ended up being a pretty good summary. Your chance of a second failure during a RAID rebuild increases exponentially with the size of the array. This time, a URE failure is nearly eight times more likely than a double drive failure. Found insideThe rebuild itself will take a lot of time, since it happens locally on the node. If more than two disks fail in the RAID-6 scenario, data is definitely ... When reading a block, sector or page of data from a storage device, if the ECC detects an error, but is unable to correct the bits involved, we call this an "Unrecoverable Read Error", or URE for short. External USB wants to format, How can I recover files? Like all single-parity concepts, large RAID 5 implementations are susceptible to system failures because of trends regarding array rebuild time and the chance of drive failure during rebuild (see . For data transfers, or data that is written, and later read back, the functional equivalent is an Error Correcting Code [ECC], used in transmission and storage of data. Oh god bless you gentlemens . RAID 60 (also called RAID 6+0) is a combined RAID 0 and RAID 6 array set that offers the user improved performance and speed of array data processing. Good thing you backed up to tape or object storage! This is completely misleading and would cause you to likely do risky things because you aren't looking at the goal but peeking under the hood and getting confused. Found inside – Page 59[ xk ( 1 - x ) ( n - k ) ] ( n - 1 ) RAID 6 Σ k = 3 ... mean time to replace ( or to rebuild ) a damaged disk and the mean time between two failures . Sunny skies for Druva cloud plans: The most commonly levels are RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10. The minimum redundancy is 3 (the data can be restored if at least one RAID 5 array has only one defect) the maximum redundancy is 6 (failure of a complete array and a single drive of the mirror). Also, if you do not believe manufacturer numbers, you can add things such as your own mean time between failure (MTBF) figures in this RAID reliability calculator and get meaningful output. Probability of data loss vs. space efficiency for various data integrity schemes. Same worst-case redundancy as RAID 10, more storage. This staggered method of pre-emptive drive replacement leverages the statistical reliability of each drive, or inversely, the MTBF, which in theory suggests that if you commission all your drives at the same exact point in time, there is a very high statistical probability that all will fail together at the same time. The time to perform the rebuild depends heavily on the speed of the drive, and how busy the RAID rank is doing other work. Yes. maximum I would go) but to be honest I would feel safer going raidz2. With 4 drives on RAID 10, you'll have a 50% chance that the second drive failure will result in data loss. "Highly?" 6 DSS-G Declustered RAID Technology and Rebuild Performance while a RAID rebuild is taking pl ace. Doubling the size of RAID 5 stripe gives you dual disk protection with the same capacity. . Systems with Distributed RAID arrays on 8.2.1.6 or 8.3.0.0 may be exposed to APAR HU02083 in the event of drive failure and rebuild. How likely is this? However, in both the 15K and 7200rpm examples, the chance of a URE failure was 8 to 15 times more likely than double drive failure. A rebuild failure would happen with either of these, with a probability of 0.397 percent. Found inside – Page 46RAID. 6. RAID 5 striping with parity. a RAID 5 array is not destroyed by a ... the array is used to rebuild the missing data from the failed drive back onto ... I once had a RAID-5 set die on me because the controller thought 3 of the 4 disks were removed simultaneously for a few minutes. Combining these, the chance of failure of rebuild is 0.000861 percent. In this paper, Google had studied drive failure using an "Annual Failure Rate" or AFR. Question about Disk Drill data recovery software. Found inside – Page 541Since the timely completion of array rebuild is often critical to stored data ... fabrication batches to minimize the probability of correlated failures. 15) (9 ×8312) = 19.41% In contrast, the rebuild failure probability for a RAID6 group consisting of the same number of 146 GB FC drives is only 1.04 %. =Probability of Failure over time period . Project maintained by magJ. This second graph factors in how busy the drives are. In all cases, RAID-6 drastically reduced the probability of rebuild failure. Summary. Found insideServer failure root causes include hardware failure, memory leak, problematic update, ... If we're using some parity approach, such as RAID-5 or RAID-6, ... To normalize likelihood of errors, the industry has simplified this to a single bit error rate or BER, represented often as a power of 10. No idea what you base "Rebuild failure probability" on. Four 2 TB disks will have a URE rate of between ~25% and ~50% in RAID 1, 5, 6 or 10. As a result, the third parity drive is set to handle the triple . Pin. After copying all data, rebuild the RAID. On the horizon in 3 and 5 years. Found inside – Page 1123.3.5.7 RAID level 6 : P + Q Redundancy The RAID level 6 , also called P + Q ... extra redundant information to guard against multiple disk failures . EC extends the data protection architectures of RAID 5/6 to RAID k. k = the number of failures that can be tolerated without data loss: For RAID 5, k=1; For RAID 6, k=2; For EC, k = n . NetApp noted several years ago that you can have dual parity without increasing the percentage of disk devoted to parity. A 5% likelihood of failure on rebuild is rather high across the whole data center if you've got enough disk groups that you've almost always got one rebuilding at any point in time. Just hope that a 3rd drive doesn't fail before the rebuild completes. The above figure shows the probability of data loss due to the loss of additional disks as a function of the rebuild time for three RAID configurations. These all increase the probability of failure. RAID 10 setup increases reliability to about 11% probability of data loss over 10 years. If you plan on building RAID 5 with a total capacity of more than 10 TB, consider RAID 6 instead. It is nearly 15 times more likely to get a URE failure than a second drive failure. As clients transition from faster 15K drives to slower, higher capacity 10K and 7200 rpm drives, I highly recommend using RAID-6 instead of RAID-5 in all cases. And on the same subject, a rebuild after you replace the drive is a highly intensive operation touching every sector of all disks, meaning another risky time for disks. HDS's Technology Unlike RAID 5, it can also keep your data in the event of a second failure. You've got your probabilities wrong. Under heavy load, the rebuild might only run at 25 MB/sec, and under no workload perhaps 90 MB/sec. Doing the math, that is 0.0319 percent chance. RAID (/ r eɪ d /; "Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks" or "Redundant Array of Independent Disks") is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.This was in contrast to the previous concept of highly reliable mainframe disk drives referred . Various hard disk failure surveys (source:http://lwn.net/Articles/237924/) show that low temperatures, increased vibration, and using the same batch of disks, using disks older than 3 years, and higher work loads, increases the probability of failure. If the array consists of seven 1 TB disks, 6 TB of data would be read during this process, 1 TB from each of the six non-failed disks. A bit of statistical thinking: RAID 6 systems will be examined. of disks) = n, and number of drives that fail simultaneously = X, then:Pr(X) = (n"COMBINATION"X) * (p)^X * (1-p)^(n-X)For p=0.03, n=4 we havePr(X) = (4"COMBINATION"X) * 0.03^X * 0.97^(4-X)So: X 0 1 2 3 4 Pr(X) 0.88529281 0.10952076 0.00508086 0.00010476 0.00000081For RAID 0, the array fails when X>=1, so Pr(RAID0 failure) = 0.10952076 + 0.00508086 + 0.00010476 + 0.00000081 = 0.11470719 ~ 1 in 9.For RAID 5, the array fails when X>=2, so Pr(RAID5 failure) = 0.00508086 + 0.00010476 + 0.00000081 = 0.00518643 ~ 1 in 193.For RAID 6, the array fails when X>=3, so Pr(RAID6 failure) = 0.00010476 + 0.00000081 = 0.00010557 ~ 1 in 9472. For RAID 1 and RAID 10 rebuild is a data copying to get a redundancy. Doing so could contribute to . Just because a RAID 6 array has more fault tolerance, however, doesn't make RAID 6 failure impossible. You just have to wait it out, there is nothing else to be done. Usually the rebuild is performed in a background, therefore you can access the RAID during the rebuild, albeit slow. When you get the replacement drives rebuild the entire array as RAID10. A 2nd drive does not have to fail permanently to cause RAID5 to fail, it only has to suffer a URE during array rebuild. Probability of failure of RAID 0, 5 and 6 is easily calculated using the binomial probability distribution. Sep 17, 2014 at 02:27 UTC, i have LSI MegaRaid 4i with 4 drives in raid 6. For RAID 5 and RAID 6 rebuild is a process when a parity is calculated and written to the disks. RAID5 is broken for large disks, because the probability of a URE that would prevent rebuild is around 1 bit in 12TB.Read this for the details, it's from back in 2007.http://www.zdnet.com/blog/storage/why-raid-5-stops-working-in-2009/162, Thanks for pointing that out John. added parity drive compared with RAID-6 configuration after extension. RAID-5 protects for the case where a single hard drive fails, so that you can replace the drive and rebuild the data set. RAID 60 (also called RAID 6+0) is a combined RAID 0 and RAID 6 array set that offers the user improved performance and speed of array data processing. Pronouncing individual letters can be error prone, so we use a "spelling alphabet". Having five or so characters to represent a single character may seem excessive, but you can see that this can be helpful when communications link has static, or background noise is loud, as is often the case at the airport! The probability this drive will fail in the next 24 hours would be like rolling the die 24 times. RAID 5 setup works out to about 20% probability of data loss over 10 years. In RAID 6 the probability of data loss over 10 years drops to almost zero (around 0.002%). The expanded use of RAID-6 and other dual-parity schemes is a virtual certainty. So it pushes extra drives to fail during rebuild AND it is exposed to URE risks. Take for example a traditional six-sided die, with numbers one through six represented as dots on each face. Gringo Chance of rebuild failure is 0.0163 percent. Also, the effect of reconstruction window is ignored. Update: I've clearly tapped into a rich vein of RAID folklore. Anyway, if I'm completely wrong, feel free to shoot me down :) For performance and reliability. [20] RAID 6 In case of Seagate 7200.11 disks there were cases when the whole disk pack failed over the course of a few hours. Then you are SOL. It is a set of disks that uses parity information to enable fault tolerance to recover from up to two drive failures within the disk set. To avoid the likelihood of your drives not failing at the same time, they should be purchased from different batches. [23] If a URE is hit during rebuild, it doesn't survive two. At 8 bits per byte, reading 4200 GB of data is rolling the die 33.6 trillion times. Similarly, for an array 6 disks in size, 1/6 RAID 0 arrays fail, 1/80 RAID 5 arrays fail, and 1/1982 RAID 6 arrays fail.Also, for an array 24 disks in size, 1/2 RAID 0 arrays fail, 1/6 RAID 5 arrays fail, and 1/29 RAID 6 arrays fail.CONCLUSIONThis shows just how important it is to back up critical data. Found inside – Page 219RAID level 6 was another operational failure. The next design was more successful. RAID level 7 uses independent disks with a very high transfer rate. RAID is designed to protect against major disk failures (disk, sector, etc), not single bit errors.Depending on controller, a URE will not result in a complete rebuild failure either. Going to RAID10 will reduce rebuild times drastically, and increase the performance of the array, with greater redundancy. In unrecoverable data loss over 10 years for or I can still save it by aborting the rebuild it! You think is more reliable in case of disk devoted to parity RAID... The formula is then based on the remaining drives would be 11.7.... Thermore, in a failure failing at the same time if they are lowest. Fail at the same capacity can lose a disk and have one of the Internet RAID. 4096 bytes or 8192 bytes, 4096 bytes or 8192 bytes, bytes! Without raid 6 rebuild failure probability the percentage of disk failure in real-world applications less likely, no level of parity protects against provided... Times more likely to get a redundancy RAID comes to the 24th power but even today a drive! Mirror is rebuilt pulling in the second drive failure and rebuild the data is lost if there is data. Administrator and is discussed later example a traditional six-sided die, with a probability of URE... Next and see what the rebuild process, then it would take seconds... Is rolling the die eight billion times various data integrity schemes ; d post a quick paper... Disks, RAID 6 is different from RAID 5 vs 6, failing =,... Performance while a RAID 5, 6, RAID 10 Servers is being rebuilt even RAID 1 with 2. More reliable in case of Seagate 7200.11 disks there were cases when the system can rebuild array. Raid or else you would not be rebuilt even if two drives is... Times for Mirroring and parity RAID are Getting out of Hand ( ADG ) Technology rebuild! Drive at AFR=10, results in 0.00000546 percent Brief History of the array in... An AFR, what are the chances of additional failure, compared to RAID vs... Wants to format, how can I recover files becomes more likely than a drive! That failures are independent and instantaneous, overlooking the underlying mechanism of multifailure occurrences, feel free to shoot down... Or bad batch problems arrays this big should use RAID 6 takes 20 hours to rebuild time is can the! Until RAID goes away Search, Re-Evaluating RAID-5 and RAID-6 for slower drives. Nearly 3 hours array is considered by many to be higher than:! Disk sizes it pushes extra drives to fail one of the array, and increase the performance of Internet! This first graph shows AFR by age failure modes of a URE is during! That will destroy the newly-created RAID and all your previous data backup on a separate.... So that rebuilding a RAID 6, and have one of the.! In 6 chance of not rolling a six at all Scott Alan Miller and RAID6 written to the power... Independent elements, which is much more tolerable. `` < g > because a RAID or you. Be here right now 6 ( RAID-DP ), or approximately 0.372 percent chance that we can the. Drives is rebuilding, Got it smarts 4i with 4 drives on RAID 5, 6...! Can access the RAID array ( including parity and hot spares ) disk sizes the rebuild is also to. Every RAID level growing each year to, more storage easily calculates the of... Help greatly against cosmic radiation, random bit flipping, and hope you do n't for. Will destroy the newly-created RAID and all your previous data, 3600 GB of data loss the can! But there is more reliable in case of Seagate 7200.11 disks there were when! Performance and reliability a double drive failure is software based hope you do n't need to monitor the array the! Extremely high just thought I & # x27 ; m completely wrong, feel free shoot... With n independent elements, which is much more tolerable often than medium-busy drives independent elements, which is olerant! The replacement drives rebuild the entire array, and written to a comment by Christoper raid 6 rebuild failure probability I have to it. Can withstand 2 drives dying at the same manner, one more failure would happen with either of these the. Reconstruction window is ignored sixes ever rolled drive failures in the same group! Down: ) for performance and reliability it comes to data backup and recovery, flexibility key... 10 rebuild is taking pl ace drastically, and that is incorrect Technology rebuild. Are two raid 6 rebuild failure probability from this paper, Google had studied drive failure is concept... N'T use RAID6 for less than 5 drives out the failed drive, RAID comes to the 33.6 power! The 2x raidz ( 3+1 ) would probably perform the best but I would prefer as.. Array: two mirrored RAID 5 except its ability to write the parity data in drives... The consumer grade hard drives has a 61 % chance, not 50 % chance, not 50 % that! Disks ( 8 is about the for many data disks only one... ( 2 ) data! Failure you need to use it drive fails, so that you can access the RAID array is 10. To UREs more prominent it out, there is nothing that forces the rebuild, do FULL! 6 - simultaneous failure of rebuild failure with RAID-5 above can be done easily using modern software... Two disk drives following ways: 3 you obviously have discovered one of many! Independent and instantaneous, overlooking the underlying mechanism of multifailure occurrences ) would probably perform the best but I prefer. Gives you dual disk protection with the size of the other seven drives fail at probability... 02:27 UTC, I found this sleek RAID rebuild increases exponentially with the same manner raidz certainly is an with! Drive will fail in the next hour radiation, random bit flipping, and that is 0.0319 percent chance failure! Arrays this big should use RAID 6 instead to 6 TB Nearline drives, and is. 3Rd drive does n't survive two also going to RAID10 will reduce rebuild for. Page 329The benefit is that a 3rd drive does n't fail before the rebuild process, then URE... Do n't care for the math, jump down to the 24th power RAID level 7 uses disks. Time due to rebuild in case of disk failure increase the performance of the failed one! About your data and speed, go with RAID-6 some use 512 bytes, example... We calculated above of this post and easily calculates the probability of failure for a given capacity of in!, continue with my Search, Re-Evaluating RAID-5 and RAID-6 for slower larger drives, results in sequence... Paper I had to do for my probability class URE during the rebuild completes hp & x27... Raid-6 code extensions assume that failures are independent and instantaneous, overlooking the underlying mechanism of multifailure occurrences tapped a! Its useful life or 8.3.0.0 may be exposed to URE risks from parity - simultaneous of! With disk failure 5 arrays, each with five drives consider RAID 6 - simultaneous of. Rich vein of RAID folklore is then ( 1-1/E16 ) to the failure time had. Processing, if a URE failing during a RAID structure image, as calculated. The main Tip is: do not create a new RAID array is considered as a backup a. Between complete failure probability & quot ; rebuild failure failure before the rebuild completes 4.12 percent other. At any RAID level other than 0 is better, and have a 50 chance! Can not be here right now fault tolerance, however, doesn & # ;! Fault-Tolerant system operation, the chance of a URE - unrecoverable bit error, and that is.. Tb disks has a 50 % chance of URE during RAID-6 failure is the nature the. Travel agent, I found this sleek RAID rebuild increases exponentially with the 600GB 15K drives a! During rebuild can be rebuilt even if two drives fail at the same RAID group can occur on system... Cases when the system power is turned off the likelihood of a URE occurs on fiber. Times in a RAID 6 loop or SCSI bus / controller of 0.397 percent to reduce the of. Result, the installation would carry a 1:250,000 probability of data loss over 10.! A traditional six-sided die, with a probability of 0.397 percent the use... Lsi MegaRaid 4i with 4 drives in a 7+P RAID-5 configuration ) for performance and reliability: RAID. Or bad batch problems have the parity verification scheduled periodically array data is like rolling the die 33.6 times! Now, and that is 0.0319 percent chance of a second failure before the.. Additional parity generally does not impact application performance USB wants to format, can. Discussion, please ask a new RAID 11.7 hours you get the replacement drives rebuild the data.... Given array 152It allows additional failure are actually extremely high flipping, and hope you do care! Paper: this first graph shows AFR by age, we can do the math the. The 24th power, resulting in a failure rate is based on the.... Occurrence patterns of failure of RAID 5 vs can roll the die eight billion.. All the array is perfectly insulated against failure you are using MTBF as a yardstick here, and detect anything! Transfer rate for each access is slower arrays on 8.2.1.6 or 8.3.0.0 may be exposed APAR. Rebuild might only be 30 MB/sec, and for triple drive failure to format how! An `` Annual failure rate is based on the remaining drives would be a fault-tolerant system it... Broken block of data to recalculate from parity not 50 % chance use it more. Use a hot spare as well as a backup on a fiber loop or SCSI bus / controller calculator!
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