The first was established in 1184 in southern France as a response to the Catharist heresy. The last period is known as the Roman Inquisition, and it was established in 1542 when Pope Paul III established the Holy Office as the final court of appeals in all trials of heresy. History. Alarmed at the spread of Protestantism, Pope Paul III (1534-49) established the Roman Inquisition in 1542. This group was made up of cardinals and other officials whose task was to maintain and defend the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Del Col 2006 provides the fullest overall coverage for Italy, putting the early modern Roman Inquisition in the broadest chronological and geographical contexts. The Roman Inquisition began in 1542 as part of the Catholic Church's Counter-Reformation against the spread of Protestantism, but it represented a less harsh affair than the previously established Spanish Inquisition. There have actually been several different inquisitions. This institution, which became known as the Roman Inquisition, was intended to combat Protestantism, but it is perhaps best known historically for its condemnation of Galileo. The term Inquisition comes from the Medieval Latin word "inquisitio", which referred to any court process that was based on Roman law, which had gradually come back into use during the late medieval period.
The Inquisition was a Roman Catholic tribunal for discovery and punishment of heresy, which was marked by the severity of questioning and punishment and lack of rights afforded to the accused. Inquisition, a judicial procedure and later an institution that was established by the papacy and, sometimes, by secular governments to combat heresy. “The Roman Inquisition” is a common title given to the Holy Office of the Inquisition as reformed from 1542 under central papal control in Rome. While many people associate the Inquisition with Spain and Portugal , it was actually instituted by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in Rome.
Founded by Paul III and originally aimed to eradicate Protestant heresy, it followed medieval antecedents but went beyond them by becoming a highly articulated centralized organ directly dependent on the pope.
This was known as the Medieval Inquisition, and it was phased out as Catharism disappeared. Answer. It was founded to defend the church from heresy; today, it is the body responsible for promulgating and defending Catholic doctrine. On 21 July 1542, Pope Paul III proclaimed the Apostolic Constitution Licet ab initio, establishing the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, staffed by cardinals and other officials whose task it was "to maintain and defend the integrity of the faith and to examine and proscribe errors and false doctrines."
The institutionalized tribunals that were established in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries to combat heresies in the Latin Christian Church have their origins in concepts of Roman law that pre-date Christendom itself. Roman Inquisition In 1542, Pope Paul III established the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition as a permanent congregation staffed with cardinals and other officials. Many important scientific discoveries come from ancient Roman culture. In 1588, Pope Sixtus V established 15 congregations of the Roman Curia of which the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition was one. The Spanish Inquisition seems to hold the greatest notoriety.